Lupine

Proven and supported by independent studies. Outstanding active ingredient for most skin types or concerns.

Necessary to improve a formula's texture, stability, or penetration.

Generally non-irritating but may have aesthetic, stability, or other issues that limit its usefulness.

There is a likelihood of irritation. Risk increases when combined with other problematic ingredients.

May cause irritation, inflammation, dryness, etc. May offer benefit in some capability but overall, proven to do more harm than good.

We have not yet rated this ingredient because we have not had a chance to review the research on it.